Champion(s): Luca Casonato, Guy Bedford

Author(s): Luca Casonato, Guy Bedford, Nicolo Ribaudo

Stage: 3

Stage 3 reviewers: Daniel Ehrenberg, Kris Kowal

Note: Latest spec text is now maintained in the ECMA-262 upstream PR.

For both JavaScript and WebAssembly, there is a need to be able to more closely customize the loading, linking, and execution of modules beyond the standard host execution model.

For JavaScript, creating userland loaders would require a module source type in order to share the host parsing, execution, security, and caching semantics.

For WebAssembly, imports and exports for WebAssembly modules often require custom inspection and wrapping in order to be set up correctly, which typically requires manual fetch and instantiation work that is not provided for in the current host ESM integration proposal.

Supporting syntactical module source imports as a new import phase creates a primitive that can extend the static, security and tooling benefits of modules from the ESM integration to these dynamic instantiation use cases.

This proposal allows ES modules to import a reified representation of the compiled source of a module when the host provides such a representation:

import source x from "<specifier>";

The source module source loading phase name is added to the beginning of the ImportStatement.

Only the above form is supported - named exports and unbound declarations are not supported.

Just as with static and dynamic imports, there is a need for static and dynamic access to sources, to be able to support both those sources that are required to be instantiated from source text during initialization of an application, and those that are optionally or lazily created at runtime.

The dynamic form uses a import.<phase> import call:

const x = await import.source("<specifier>");

By making the phase part of the explicit syntax, it is possible to statically distinguish between a full dynamic import and one that is only for a source (where dependencies don't need to be processed).

Optional import attributes may still be specified with the second argument in a with key, just like for dynamic import, and without conflict due to the design of phased evaluation.

Module source imports can be seen to be one type of evaluation phase.

If the asset references proposal advances in future this could be seen as another type of phase representing an earlier phase of the loading process.

import asset x from "<specifier>";
await import.asset("<specifier>");

Only the source import source phase is specified by this proposal.

The object provided by the module source phase must be an object with AbstractModuleSource.prototype in its prototype chain, defined by this specification to be a minimal shared base prototype for a compiled modular resource.

In addition it defines the @@toStringTag getter returning the constructor name string corresponding to the name of the specific module source subclass, with a strong internal slot check.

For JavaScript modules, the module source phase is then specified to return a ModuleSource object, representing an ECMAScript Module Source, where ModuleSource.prototype.[[Proto]] is %AbstractModuleSource%.prototype.

Future proposals may then add support for bindings lookup methods, the [ModuleSource constructor][module soruce] and instantiation support.

New properties may be added to the base %AbstractModuleSource%.prototype, or shared with ECMAScript module sources via ModuleSource.prototype additions.

For WebAssembly modules, the existing WebAssembly.Module.prototype object is to be updated to have a [[Proto]] of %AbstractModuleSource%.prototype in the WebAssembly JS integration API.

This allows workflows, as explained in the motivation, like the following:

import source FooModule from "./foo.wasm";
FooModule instanceof WebAssembly.Module; // true

// For example, to run a WASI execution with an API like Node.js WASI:
import { WASI } from 'wasi';
const wasi = new WASI({ args, env, preopens });

const fooInstance = await WebAssembly.instantiate(FooModule, {
  wasi_snapshot_preview1: wasi.wasiImport
});

wasi.start(fooInstance);

The static analysis benefits of not needing a custom fetch and WebAssembly.compileStreaming apply not only to code analysis and security but also for bundlers.

In turn this enables Wasm components to be able to import WebAssembly.Module objects themselves in future.

Any other host-defined module types may define their own host module sources. If a given module does not define a source representation for it's source, importing it with a "source" phase target fails with a ReferenceError at link time.

Host-defined module sources must include %AbstractModuleSource%.prototype in their prototype chain and support the [[ModuleSourceRecord]] internal slot containing the @@toStringTag brand check and underlying source host data.

The native ES module loader is able to implement security policies, including support for Content Security Policies in browsers. This property does not just impact platforms using CSP, but also other platforms with systems to restrict permissions, such as Deno. These policies are based on protecting which URLs are supported for the compilation and execution of scripts or modules.

Extending the static security benefits of the host module system to custom loaders is a security benefit of this proposal. For Wasm, it would enable source-specific CSP policies for dynamic Wasm instantiation.

Because [[ModuleSourceObject]] is keyed on the base module record, it will always be unique to the module being imported from.

Q: How does this relate to import attributes?

A: Import attributes are properties of the module request, while source imports represent phases of that specific request / key in the module map, without affecting the idempotency of the module load. Both can be used together for a resource to indicate alternative phasing for the given module resource and attributes.

Q: How does this relate to module expressions and compartments?

A: The module object that is provided has been carefully specified here to be compatible with the linking model of module expressions and compartments.

Q: Why not just use const module = await WebAssembly.compileStreaming(fetch(new URL("./module.wasm", import.meta.url)));?

A: There are multiple benefits: firstly if the module is statically referenced in the module graph, it is easier to statically analyze (by bundlers for example). Secondly when using CSP, script-src: unsafe-eval would not be needed. See the security improvements section for more details.